@article{valdes_resistivity_1954,
	title = {Resistivity {Measurements} on {Germanium} for {Transistors}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {0096-8390},
	doi = {10.1109/JRPROC.1954.274680},
	abstract = {This paper discusses a laboratory method which has been found very useful for measuring the resistivity of the semiconductor germanium. The method consists of placing four probes that make contact along a line on the surface of the material. Current is passed through the outer pair of probes and the floating potential is measured across the inner pair. There are seven cases considered, the probes on a semi-infinite volume of semiconductor material and the probes near six different types of boundaries. Formulas and curves needed to compute resistivity are given for each case.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Proceedings of the IRE},
	author = {Valdes, L. B.},
	month = feb,
	year = {1954},
	keywords = {Conductivity measurement, Crystalline materials, Current measurement, Electrical resistance measurement, Electrodes, Germanium, Laboratories, Probes, Semiconductor materials, Shape measurement},
	pages = {420--427},
	file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:C\:\\Users\\Lazar\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\8f6hlhye.default\\zotero\\storage\\368UX3W5\\4051620.html:text/html;IEEE Xplore Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Lazar\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\8f6hlhye.default\\zotero\\storage\\UM2FB6MM\\Valdes - 1954 - Resistivity Measurements on Germanium for Transist.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{schuetze_laboratory_2004,
	title = {A laboratory on the four-point probe technique},
	volume = {72},
	issn = {0002-9505, 1943-2909},
	url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp/72/2/10.1119/1.1629085;jsessionid=EfkGqv9yViTT5_OX60MBXw16.x-aip-live-06},
	doi = {10.1119/1.1629085},
	abstract = {We describe how a classic electrostaticsexperiment can be modified to be a four-point probe lab experiment. Students use the four-point probe technique to investigate how the measured resistance varies as a function of the position of the electrodes with respect to the edge of the sample. By using elementary electromagnetism concepts such as the superposition principle, the continuity equation, the relation between electric field and electric potential, and Ohm’s law, a simple model is derived to describe the four-point probe technique. Although the lab introduces the students to the ideas behind the Laplace equation and the methods of images, advanced mathematics is avoided so that the experiment can be done in trigonometry and algebra based physics courses. In addition, the experiment introduces the students to a standard measurement technique that is widely used in industry and thus provides them with useful hands-on experience.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2016-11-25},
	journal = {American Journal of Physics},
	author = {Schuetze, Andrew P. and Lewis, Wayne and Brown, Chris and Geerts, Wilhelmus J.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {Algebras, Electrical resistivity, Electric fields, Laboratory procedures, Laplace equations},
	pages = {149--153},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Lazar\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\8f6hlhye.default\\zotero\\storage\\7USMMW99\\Schuetze et al. - 2004 - A laboratory on the four-point probe technique.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Lazar\\AppData\\Roaming\\Zotero\\Zotero\\Profiles\\8f6hlhye.default\\zotero\\storage\\78KP75AC\\1.1629085\;jsessionid=EfkGqv9yViTT5_OX60MBXw16.html:text/html}
}

@article{shimamoto_nondestructive_2013,
	title = {A {Nondestructive} {Evaluation} {Method}: {Measuring} the {Fixed} {Strength} of {Spot}-{Welded} {Joint} {Points} by {Surface} {Electrical} {Resistivity}},
	volume = {135},
	issn = {0094-9930},
	shorttitle = {A {Nondestructive} {Evaluation} {Method}},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4007957},
	doi = {10.1115/1.4007957},
	abstract = {Destructive tests are generally applied to evaluate the fixed strength of spot-welding nuggets of zinc-plated steel (which is a widely used primary structural material for automobiles). These destructive tests, however, are expensive and time-consuming. This paper proposes a nondestructive method for evaluating the fixed strength of the welded joints using surface electrical resistance. A direct current nugget-tester and probes have been developed by the authors for this purpose. The proposed nondestructive method uses the relative decrease in surface electrical resistance, α. The proposed method also considers the effect of the corona bond. The nugget diameter is estimated by two factors: RQuota, which is calculated from variation of resistance, and a constant that represents the area of the corona bond. Since the maximum tensile strength is correlated with the nugget diameter, it can be inferred from the estimated nugget diameter. When appropriate measuring conditions for the surface electrical resistance are chosen, the proposed method can effectively evaluate the fixed strength of the spot-welded joints even if the steel sheet is zinc-plated.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2016-11-26},
	journal = {Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology},
	author = {Shimamoto, Akira and Yamashita, Keitaro and Inoue, Hirofumi and Yang, Sung-mo and Iwata, Masahiro and Ike, Natsuko},
	month = mar,
	year = {2013},
	pages = {021501--021501}
}