Socioemotional Development of Children with Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate (CL/P) Across Socioeconomic Backgrounds and Potential Impacts on Families: Narrative Review

Abstract

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a congenital developmental defect of the hard palate and is one of the most common congenital craniofacial abnormalities, resulting in common symptoms like feeding difficulties, hearing problems, and dental issues. In addition to these common physical implications, children with CL/P may also face challenges within the socioemotional domain. These challenges may also be worsened depending on individuals’ social determinants of health: in particular, their socioeconomic status (SES). Database searches were conducted to understand the literature on the experiences of children with CL/P and their caregivers, and how these experiences intersect with SES. Barriers associated with SES include challenges regarding psychological impacts on caregivers, perception and stigma, socialization opportunities surrounding language, and access to medical interventions. These concerns emphasize the significance of considering the effect of socioeconomic implications on children with CL/P, highlighting the push for further research and resources to support their socioemotional development into adulthood.