A Review on the Potential of Stem Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment

Abstract

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is characterized by trauma to the head, resulting in serious damage. Currently, there are no curative treatments for TBI. Rather, treatments are aimed at mitigating progression. Due to the number of individuals affected by this condition, novel therapeutic strategies are essential. Administration of stem cells (SCs) has been proposed as a treatment for TBI as it consists of neuroprotective properties. SCs can differentiate into any cell and proliferate. Neuronal SCs preserve structural and functional plasticity, which allows for restoration and integration of neural cells in the affected area. Mesenchymal SCs have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and can selectively translocate to the affected site to develop into cells that enhance motion function. Studies conducted on the effect of SCs in TBI treatment have shown positive preclinical outcomes. Therefore, the efficiency of using SC in the management of TBI should be further investigated as a novel treatment option.