Climate Change Implications on Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes in Japan and Southeast Asia: A Comparative Scoping Review

Abstract

Climate change is noted as the biggest challenge of the 21st century, due to its complexity and widespread impacts on every aspect of human life. Climate predictions in Asia are particularly daunting as they have grave implications on public health, especially for pregnant women and infants. The following scoping review identifies climate-related challenges currently faced by this subgroup, along with future complications predicted through meteorological modelling. First, the impacts of climate change in Japan were examined, accompanied by a cross-comparison with Southeast (SE) Asia to understand how similar predictions could have varying implications on health outcomes.

Climate modelling across East and SE Asia has indicated a rise in extreme weather events, pollution, precipitation, heat, and disease transmission. These predictions will fuel health complications for pregnant women and infants, notably increasing morbidity and mortality rates. The brunt of these climate consequences will be felt by the countries of SE Asia, due to underdeveloped infrastructure, governance, and public health systems. Nevertheless, current research emphasizes that neither Japan nor SE Asia are prepared to protect this vulnerable subgroup. Existing emergency-response strategies and medical resource allocation is limited in scope, and widespread disaster contingency plans are yet to be developed. To address these gaps, scientists have recommended the necessity of multidimensional, whole-of-government climate-adaptation strategies.